Abdul Abyad, MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE (Editor) Abdul Abyad, MD, MPH, MBA, AGSF, AFCHSE (Editor) Abyad Medical Center & Middle East Longevity Institute Azmi Street, Abdo Center, 2nd Floor PO BOX 618, Tripoli LEBANON Tel & Fax: 961 6 443684/5/6 Email: aabyad@cyberia.net.lb Web: www.amc-lb.com

This issue of the journal discussed various topics from human resources development to child abuse. A paper from Iran looked at Spirituality in Iranian community. The study was carried out to explore spirituality and spiritual coping strategies in institutionalized adolescent girls. The findings of the study provide in-depth understanding of Iranian institutionalized adolescent girls' experiences of spirituality and spiritual strategies in coping with stress which can be useful for nurses and other health care professionals for adolescents specially institutionalized adolescents. The findings can provide a framework for nursing care plans based on teaching spiritual coping strategies to decrease stresses of living in institutes.

A study from Bangladesh looked at mathematical model to marriage migration associated with distance of Comilla district in Bangladesh. In this study an attempt has been given attention to show that the polynomial model is also applicable to the same data set. It is found that marriage migration associated with distance follows polynomial model. To verify the stability of the model, cross validity prediction power is employed to the model.

Hasan M, Uddin T et Khan AR investigated the scenario of human resource development along with its different factors those affect the capacity utilization of the plant as well as dominate the expected production level. The authors used some statistical techniques they have shown that setting up training program can increase the skillness of employees.

A paper from Bangladesh looked at the effect of working status of Bangladeshi women on the decision of age at marriage and fertility in Bangladesh using national representative data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2003-2004, allowing for the existence of observed characteristics that affect both age at marriage and fertility. This study reveals that employed women in such activity contribute in raising age at marriage and thereby affect fertility to reduce. This also indicated that the singluate mean age at marriage increased about 14% and 23% for male and female respectively from 1975 to 1998.

A paper from Iraq looked at tuberculosis. The authors stressed that there is clear evidence that worldwide tuberculosis is increasing. It is estimated that between 2002 and 2020, nearly one billion will be newly infected with tuberculosis, 200 million will develop the disease, and 35 million will die from tuberculosis.

However huge global interest was sparked by a report at the international AIDS conference in August, of a cluster of cases in South Africa of XDR tuberculosis with high mortality among HIV co-infected patients, with a Google search finding 130 000 hits.

A paper from Nigeria discussed the issue of child abuse and its implications.
Cultural and western world practices of bringing up children usually conflict on what constitutes child abuse. The study aimed to identify local and scientific information on child abuse for a better understanding of the problem. Also to note whether actions that culturally constitute child discipline could be termed as child abuse.

Therefore, for effective control of child abuse, it should be integrated with primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies.